Foundations

The foundational vocabulary every founder needs before everything else. This cluster covers what a startup actually is, the categories that distinguish them (bootstrap vs venture-backed, lifestyle vs scale-up), the support ecosystem (accelerators, incubators, agencies), the early credits and grants founders chase, and the structural concepts (founder-market fit, why startups fail) that shape every decision that follows. 21 entries.

If you're new to startup vocabulary, start here. If you're a few years in, this cluster is the conceptual baseline against which everything else is read.

What a startup is

• [Startup], the foundational definition; not every small business is a startup.
• [Early Stage], the spectrum from idea to product-m...

Exits & M&A

How startups end (and what determines who gets what). This cluster covers the major exit paths (IPO, acquisition, SPAC, direct listing), deal structures and terms (LOI, definitive agreement, earnout, holdback, reps and warranties), the rights that affect exit outcomes (drag-along, tag-along, ROFR, lockup), and the mechanics specific to exits (liquidation waterfall, exit multiples, QSBS). 26 entries.

Exits are the moment when years of equity decisions become real money. Founders should know this vocabulary years before they need it.

Exit paths

• [Exit Strategy], the framing question.
• [IPO], going public on a major exchange.
• [Direct Listing], public without raising new capital.
• [SPAC], Special Purpose Acquisition Company.
• [Acquisit...

North Star Framework

North Star Framework vs North Star Metric: the framework is the full operating system, the NSM plus input metrics, business outcomes, team rituals, and decision rules. The [North Star Metric] is just the single number at the center of it. If you're picking the metric, read NSM; if you're installing the operating system around it, you're in the right place.

The North Star Framework is the strategic alignment system developed by Amplitude that connects a North Star Metric to input metrics and business outcomes. The North Star Metric is the one metric most-correlated with long-term business success and customer value; input metrics are levers teams can move to improve it; business outcomes are the financial results the N...

Business Planning

Strategy meets numbers meets operations. This cluster covers business strategy frameworks (BMC, lean canvas, SWOT, blue ocean), financial modeling and projections, SaaS metrics (ARR, MRR, CAC, LTV, NRR, Rule of 40), market sizing (TAM/SAM/SOM, addressable market), sales operations (pipeline, quota, cycle length), CFO-level financial discipline (working capital, AR/AP, DSO, deferred revenue), and the reporting cadences that hold it all together (board deck, OKRs, KPIs, business reviews). 87 entries.

This is the largest cluster, the home for everything quantitative about running a startup.

Strategy frameworks

• [Business Plan], the traditional plan document.
• [Business Strategy], the overall strategic framing.
• [Business Model ...

Foundation Model

A foundation model is a large-scale AI model trained on broad, diverse data and designed to be adapted to many downstream tasks. Adaptation happens via fine-tuning, prompting, or API access. The term was coined by Stanford's Center for Research on Foundation Models in 2021 and now describes GPT-4, Claude, Gemini, Llama, Mistral, and similar models that form the base layer of the modern AI stack. The foundation model is to AI applications what AWS is to web applications: shared infrastructure that powers everything built on top.

What distinguishes foundation models:

Scale: hundreds of billions to trillions of parameters. Trained on hundreds of billions to trillions of tokens of data.

General-purpose training: trained on broa...

Legal Structure

The legal architecture that holds a startup together. This cluster covers entity types and formation (LLC, C-corp, Delaware), governance (board, officers, fiduciary duty), IP protection (trademark, patent, copyright, work-for-hire), employment law (NDAs, non-competes, employment agreements), commercial contracts (MSA, indemnification, arbitration), and privacy/compliance (SOC 2, GDPR, DPAs). 46 entries.

Founders skip this stuff until they can't. The cost of getting it right early is low; the cost of getting it wrong is brutal at diligence or in court.

Entity formation and types

• [Incorporation], the act of forming an entity.
• [Articles of Incorporation], the founding charter.
• [Bylaws], the operating rules.
• [C Corporation], ve...

Agile

Agile is an iterative software development philosophy formalized in the 2001 Agile Manifesto, emphasizing working software, customer collaboration, and responsiveness to change. It rejects rigid up-front planning, contract negotiation, and process compliance, implemented through frameworks like Scrum, Kanban, Extreme Programming (XP), and at large-organization scale, SAFe and LeSS. It is the dominant operating philosophy of modern software product teams and the most-misunderstood word in the discipline.

The Agile Manifesto, written in February 2001 by 17 software practitioners at a ski lodge in Snowbird, Utah, states four values: individuals and interactions over processes and tools; working software over comprehensive documentation; ...

What is customer segmentation?

Customer segmentation is the process of dividing a large group of customers into smaller groups, based on certain characteristics. It’s also sometimes called “market segmentation.”

Why is customer segmentation important?

Customer segmentation is important because it helps companies market more effectively to their customers. If you want your marketing budget to go as far as it can, it’s essential that you know who you’re marketing to and what they respond to when it comes to advertisements.

For example, if your company had a customer base that included both 14-year-old boys and 45-year-old men, you wouldn’t use the same marketing techniques with the two groups, would you? But you can’t even know that you have ...

What actually happens when the Founder runs out of gas and just can't keep going?

Does the startup just... stop?

In a world where we're all facing some level of burnout, we also have to consider what would happen to our startups if we just stopped contributing.

I've coached nearly a thousand Founders and CEOs through this "outta gas" problem, as well as myself, and I can tell you without question — it's never as bad as it sounds!

Burnout is Inevitable

Look, we all get burnt out eventually.

It doesn't matter what kind of superstar athlete you are in your startup, there's only so much of this pace we can endure before we run out of gas. This shit is hard.

The late nights, the nonstop worrying, the constant "if we can just make it past this mi...

Sometimes, the most important path for a startup has nothing to do with the startup.

As my fellow video gamers know, when you pursue something other than the main questline in a game, it's known as a "side quest." It's a tiny detour that you take to see if there are other riches to be found elsewhere.

In startups, those side quests may feel like a distraction, but in fact, they are often exactly what we need to keep our startups alive.

I'm a giant fan of side quests at startups, partially because my ADHD loves distractions and partially because I've found they pay really well.

The Myth of the Linear Path

The reason we get pushback on taking on side quests is that we seem to keep believing the myth that startups should follow a linear path.